Monday 27 November 2017

New Scientific Cellular Discovery Will Lead To Neuropathy Breakthrough

Today's post from medicalxpress.com (see link below) describes how findings at a cellular level have shown that neuropathic pain is caused when very small biological particles containing microRNA-21, are released by nerves that relay pain signals to the brain and are taken up by immune cells, leading to inflammation and pain. No, I don't understand it either - why would we - it's intensely scientific information. However, the point is that if the release of these particles is blocked, then the pain information is not sent to the brain. The means of blocking them has been discovered (at least in mice) leading to enthusiastic forecasts that this will be translated into drugs that will do exactly that for humans in the future. You may see this post in other forms across the 'pain' internet and that is because it's a pretty important discovery. That neuropathy is an inflammatory reaction to nerve damage is something that most neuropathy patients have long understood but if the current scientific enthusiasm for this development is to be believed, we may be on the verge of a major breakthrough in the treatment of nerve pain. It may take 20 years to get to the chemists' shelves but that sort of time delay between discovery and application, is something we're also used to. In the meantime, keep researching and finding treatments that work best for you - that's all we can do.


Scientists reveal new avenue for drug treatment in neuropathic pain
November 24, 2017
Provided by: King's College London

New research from King's College London has revealed a previously undiscovered mechanism of cellular communication, between neurons and immune cells, in neuropathic pain.

The authors, who published their findings today in Nature Communications, identified a new method of treating neuropathic pain in mice, which could be more safe and effective than current treatments comprising of opioids and antiepileptic drugs.

Neuropathic pain is a type of chronic pain that is usually caused by an injury to nerves, but the pain persists long after the injury has healed. Neuropathic pain may occur after surgery or a car accident, or in some cases when a limb has been amputated.

Currently the only available drugs for neuropathic pain are either opioids or antiepileptic medication. Opioids, like morphine and tramadol, are highly addictive and the NHS have recently raised concerns about prescription of these drugs, due to opioid overdoses more than doubling in the last decade. In the US an opioid 'epidemic' has recently been declared due to the rising number of deaths linked to these drugs. In contrast, antiepileptic medication is not addictive but is often accompanied by a whole host of unpleasant side effects such as dizziness, fatigue, nausea and weight gain.

However, people with neuropathic pain have very little choice when it comes to other treatment options because the cause of neuropathic pain is so poorly understood.

Using cellular and mouse models of neuropathic pain the authors studied a cluster of neurons in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), which are part of the sensory neurons that play an important role in communicating pain information to the brain. They found that after nerve injury, pain neurons in this area released very small biological particles containing microRNA-21. These particles were then taken up by surrounding immune cells, ultimately leading to local inflammation and neuropathic pain.

The authors showed that when they blocked DRG pain neurons from releasing microRNA-21 in particles, this had an anti-inflammatory effect at a cellular level, which prevented neuropathic pain from occurring in mice. The advantage of this method is that these particles, containing agents that block microRNA-21, do not infiltrate the brain and lead to side effects.

In humans, a similar method could be applied to block pain neurons from releasing microRNA-21 in particles, which would prevent neuropathic pain from ocurring. If successful, this would be the first drug to target neuropathic pain in specific areas without side effects, which is in stark contrast to the non-specific painkillers currently available.

Fortunately, similar treatments are already being trialled in cancer patients receiving immunotherapy, making the application to other conditions like neuropathic pain highly feasible.

Professor Marzia Malcangio, senior author from the Wolfson Center for Age-Related Diseases at the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, said "If new treatments based on the findings of this study, targeting microRNA-21, could be designed for patients with neuropathic pain this could provide a brand new avenue for drug treatment. Our next steps are to explore whether the same mechanism applies to other chronic pain conditions."

More information: Raffaele Simeoli et al. Exosomal cargo including microRNA regulates sensory neuron to macrophage communication after nerve trauma, Nature Communications (2017). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01841-5

Journal reference: Nature Communications

Provided by: King's College London

https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-11-scientists-reveal-avenue-drug-treatment.html

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